[[http://www.textuality.com/bonnie/][Bonnie]] is a simple benchmark which measures how fast it can read and write to a filesystem. These are the results of bonnie runs that I've made on various machines. --- Generic P133 64MB RAM, two HP 97560 (very old 5 1/4" full-height 1GB drives) on Adaptec ISA controller: <pre> Single disk: -------Sequential Output-------- ---Sequential Input-- --Random-- -Per Char- --Block--- -Rewrite-- -Per Char- --Block--- --Seeks--- Machine MB K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU /sec %CPU 100 918 85.0 1646 21.6 776 36.1 877 86.9 1859 82.1 33.6 5.6 -------Sequential Output-------- ---Sequential Input-- --Random-- -Per Char- --Block--- -Rewrite-- -Per Char- --Block--- --Seeks--- Machine MB K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU /sec %CPU single H 512 903 90.8 1612 31.8 785 37.1 862 85.7 1777 78.6 18.9 4.6 </pre> 8k stripe across both disks: <pre> -------Sequential Output-------- ---Sequential Input-- --Random-- -Per Char- --Block--- -Rewrite-- -Per Char- --Block--- --Seeks--- Machine MB K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU /sec %CPU 2 disk 100 904 58.6 1886 35.6 831 61.4 775 80.9 1659 76.9 47.2 12.2 -------Sequential Output-------- ---Sequential Input-- --Random-- -Per Char- --Block--- -Rewrite-- -Per Char- --Block--- --Seeks--- Machine MB K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU /sec %CPU 2 disk 512 859 55.8 1826 56.3 794 53.5 843 86.7 1696 79.4 26.6 10.4 </pre> Running simultaneously on both disks, with a single file system on each one: <pre> -------Sequential Output-------- ---Sequential Input-- --Random-- -Per Char- --Block--- -Rewrite-- -Per Char- --Block--- --Seeks--- Machine MB K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU /sec %CPU 1 disk 256 447 33.2 1063 25.2 458 29.6 439 48.5 1041 47.4 19.1 3.9 -------Sequential Output-------- ---Sequential Input-- --Random-- -Per Char- --Block--- -Rewrite-- -Per Char- --Block--- --Seeks--- Machine MB K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU /sec %CPU 1 disk 256 454 32.3 1035 22.4 427 31.0 422 48.1 845 67.7 25.2 6.1 </pre> two-disk stripe on Adaptec 2940 PCI controller (with kernel compile on another disk). Compare this to the "8k stripe" result above. <pre> -------Sequential Output-------- ---Sequential Input-- --Random-- -Per Char- --Block--- -Rewrite-- -Per Char- --Block--- --Seeks--- Machine MB K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU /sec %CPU 512 1128 69.6 2111 12.9 1291 15.2 945 75.9 4160 19.7 31.1 1.7 </pre> Looks like the PCI controller is a win! WD 24300 Caviar 4.3G IDE hard drive <pre> -------Sequential Output-------- ---Sequential Input-- --Random-- -Per Char- --Block--- -Rewrite-- -Per Char- --Block--- --Seeks--- Machine MB K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU /sec %CPU 100 2334 87.6 3723 56.9 1419 11.0 2087 74.6 3089 11.3 131.4 3.8 </pre> P2 266 96MB ram, quantum bigfoot 4.3GB IDE <pre> -------Sequential Output-------- ---Sequential Input-- --Random-- -Per Char- --Block--- -Rewrite-- -Per Char- --Block--- --Seeks--- Machine MB K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU /sec %CPU 512 3653 90.2 5251 6.0 2590 7.9 3654 83.3 6113 5.2 61.2 0.9 </pre> Sony VAIO N505VE 64MB ram, celeron 333, 6GB IDE <pre> -------Sequential Output-------- ---Sequential Input-- --Random-- -Per Char- --Block--- -Rewrite-- -Per Char- --Block--- --Seeks--- Machine MB K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU /sec %CPU 512 4238 97.9 5507 7.2 2749 7.1 3505 79.0 5443 4.4 51.0 0.7 </pre> P2 266 on FIC P2XLX/e mobo, 96MB ram, maxtor 15GB IDE 5400 rpm <pre> -------Sequential Output-------- ---Sequential Input-- --Random-- -Per Char- --Block--- -Rewrite-- -Per Char- --Block--- --Seeks--- Machine MB K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU /sec %CPU 512 1563 86.6 2399 80.8 1109 85.7 1512 88.1 2248 85.0 66.9 20.0 </pre> Something's not right - these numbers suck! OK, managed to get dma enabled (don't know why I have to use hdparm) and now things look a little better: <pre> -------Sequential Output-------- ---Sequential Input-- --Random-- -Per Char- --Block--- -Rewrite-- -Per Char- --Block--- --Seeks--- Machine MB K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU /sec %CPU 512 2471 93.9 5956 87.6 2239 82.3 2148 89.5 3873 75.4 74.6 12.0 </pre> I'm still surprised as hell that the VAIO smokes this machine in so many categories. I guess it does have a lot more CPU than this machine does, but I wouldn't expect that to matter for block I/O. Go figure. _(I found out later that the DMA support was unreliable so it would cause an error somewhere during the test and the kernel would turn DMA off)_ P2 266 96MB, Western Digital Caviar 4.3GB as a slave on the same bus as the 15GB maxtor above: <pre> -------Sequential Output-------- ---Sequential Input-- --Random-- -Per Char- --Block--- -Rewrite-- -Per Char- --Block--- --Seeks--- Machine MB K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU /sec %CPU 512 2808 71.9 3124 5.6 1210 4.7 2386 55.5 3132 4.6 54.1 0.8 </pre> UDMA comes up enabled by default with this drive; seems to use very little CPU. I think that something's wrong with the DMA support on the maxtor drive. P2 266 96MB, Western Digital Caviar 30GM 7200RPM as a slave on the same bus as the 15GB maxtor above: <pre> -------Sequential Output-------- ---Sequential Input-- --Random-- -Per Char- --Block--- -Rewrite-- -Per Char- --Block--- --Seeks--- Machine MB K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU /sec %CPU 512 2885 71.2 3349 3.8 1571 4.6 2959 67.3 3188 2.3 100.4 1.4 </pre> not bad, although not a huge improvement over the 15GB drive. _(Again, DMA was getting turned off during the run)_ <p> My spiffy new AMD Athlon 1.2GHz machine: <pre> -------Sequential Output-------- ---Sequential Input-- --Random-- -Per Char- --Block--- -Rewrite-- -Per Char- --Block--- --Seeks--- Machine MB K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU /sec %CPU 512 3752 38.1 5711 19.0 2252 45.9 3037 93.4 4343 15.9 132.2 0.4 </pre> The VAIO still rules, guess I've got to look into DMA issues (yet again). OK, here are the results after =hdparm -d 1 /dev/hda= : <pre> -------Sequential Output-------- ---Sequential Input-- --Random-- -Per Char- --Block--- -Rewrite-- -Per Char- --Block--- --Seeks--- Machine MB K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU /sec %CPU 512 10628 91.9 27738 12.6 11609 11.7 9415 80.5 27703 11.1 128.9 0.6 -Per Char- --Block--- -Rewrite-- -Per Char- --Block--- --Seeks--- Machine MB K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU /sec %CPU 1024 10663 94.9 21372 9.9 10513 10.2 10162 88.6 23900 8.8 116.9 0.4 </pre> A new king of the hill, by a longshot. DMA is your friend. <p> An upgraded "poohpa", PII-450, 128MB PC-133 RAM, Western Digital Caviar 30GB 7200RPM, dma enabled: <pre> -------Sequential Output-------- ---Sequential Input-- --Random-- -Per Char- --Block--- -Rewrite-- -Per Char- --Block--- --Seeks--- Machine MB K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU /sec %CPU 256 4288 63.9 14183 13.4 2997 6.5 5163 70.6 8610 5.8 126.3 1.1 </pre> Yup, that's the stuff. Another nice feature of this drive is that it is _quiet_. At [[http://www.blackinksystems.com/][Black Ink Systems]] I have a Dell Precision 220 (PIII/933, 768MB RAM, WDC WD200BB-75AUA1 disk)running Red Hat 7.2 (kernel 2.4.9-13): <pre> -------Sequential Output-------- ---Sequential Input-- --Random-- -Per Char- --Block--- -Rewrite-- -Per Char- --Block--- --Seeks--- Dell P220 MB K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU /sec %CPU 1024 11125 91.9 33127 27.1 13291 8.7 8317 70.8 22284 7.3 119.4 1.4 -------Sequential Output-------- ---Sequential Input-- --Random-- -Per Char- --Block--- -Rewrite-- -Per Char- --Block--- --Seeks--- Dell P220 MB K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU /sec %CPU 2000 11563 95.7 28952 19.5 12975 8.0 8682 73.4 22250 7.2 102.1 0.8 </pre> I've also got an IBM <nop>ThinkPad A30 laptop. Big 'n' ugly: <pre> -------Sequential Output-------- ---Sequential Input-- --Random-- -Per Char- --Block--- -Rewrite-- -Per Char- --Block--- --Seeks--- IBM A30 MB K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU K/sec %CPU /sec %CPU 1024 2986 85.4 4890 46.9 1724 1.3 2282 63.0 3462 0.8 175.3 2.9 </pre> During the Black Ink restructuring I had a VA Linux 1220 1U server in the basement. It's a 2xPIII-933 with 2GB RAM, and only one Quantum Fireball LM20.5 IDE disk. <pre> Version 1.02b ------Sequential Output------ --Sequential Input- --Random- -Per Chr- --Block-- -Rewrite- -Per Chr- --Block-- --Seeks-- Machine Size K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP /sec %CP VA1220 2G 10232 78 27466 19 12017 12 12574 92 42421 14 819.3 2 ------Sequential Create------ --------Random Create-------- -Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- -Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- files /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP 16 979 100 +++++ +++ +++++ +++ 954 99 +++++ +++ 3211 100 </pre> I think that these results are bogus because the machine has too much memory - it has 2GB memory, and that's the largest file that you can write with a 32-bit filesystem. The input numbers look out of whack - probably because it's not reading the disk most of the time. Here's an upgraded (again!) poohpa, this time a PIII/933 with 512MB memory. Same disk, i.e. Western Digital Caviar 30GB 7200RPM: <pre> Version 1.02b ------Sequential Output------ --Sequential Input- --Random- -Per Chr- --Block-- -Rewrite- -Per Chr- --Block-- --Seeks-- Machine Size K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP /sec %CP poohpa 1G 9348 75 25853 18 10984 9 11218 87 17448 5 170.0 0 ------Sequential Create------ --------Random Create-------- -Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- -Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- files /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP 16 735 99 +++++ +++ +++++ +++ 733 99 +++++ +++ 2647 100 poohpa,1G,9348,75,25853,18,10984,9,11218,87,17448,5,170.0,0,16,735,99,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,733,99,+++++,+++,2647,100 </pre> Phoenix is a Compaq DL-380 dual P3/1000 with 4 18GB SCSI3 15000RPM disks and a RAID controller. The machine has mucho RAM but I booted it with 356MB to make the test more reasonable. The RAID doesn't have write-back cache. A 3-disk stripe runs at: <pre> Version 1.02b ------Sequential Output------ --Sequential Input- --Random- -Per Chr- --Block-- -Rewrite- -Per Chr- --Block-- --Seeks-- Machine Size K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP /sec %CP phoenix 2G 14514 99 44274 21 15447 11 10900 75 39516 12 365.6 1 ------Sequential Create------ --------Random Create-------- -Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- -Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- files /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP 16 1016 100 +++++ +++ +++++ +++ 1037 100 +++++ +++ 5223 99 phoenix,2G,14514,99,44274,21,15447,11,10900,75,39516,12,365.6,1,16,1016,100,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,1037,100,+++++,+++,5223,99 </pre> Running the Western Digital Caviar 30GB 7200RPM drive on a SIIG IDE PCI card in the DL380 returns: <pre> Version 1.03 ------Sequential Output------ --Sequential Input- --Random- -Per Chr- --Block-- -Rewrite- -Per Chr- --Block-- --Seeks-- Machine Size K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP /sec %CP phoenix 2G 12519 99 23306 11 7408 5 11014 80 14408 5 127.0 0 ------Sequential Create------ --------Random Create-------- -Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- -Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- files /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP 16 923 100 +++++ +++ +++++ +++ 961 100 +++++ +++ 3275 99 phoenix,2G,12519,99,23306,11,7408,5,11014,80,14408,5,127.0,0,16,923,100,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,961,100,+++++,+++,3275,99 </pre> Seagate 110GB SATA drive in Athlon64 3200+: <pre> Version 1.03 ------Sequential Output------ --Sequential Input- --Random- -Per Chr- --Block-- -Rewrite- -Per Chr- --Block-- --Seeks-- Machine Size K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP K/sec %CP /sec %CP sandcastle 2G 25868 49 55254 23 19979 6 33611 57 39393 6 138.1 1 ------Sequential Create------ --------Random Create-------- -Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- -Create-- --Read--- -Delete-- files /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP /sec %CP 16 1726 53 +++++ +++ +++++ +++ 1637 49 +++++ +++ 5448 48 sandcastle,2G,25868,49,55254,23,19979,6,33611,57,39393,6,138.1,1,16,1726,53,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,1637,49,+++++,+++,5448,48 </pre> And now for something completely different: Seagate ST980821 80GB 2.5" ide drive in a USB enclosure. <pre> </pre>
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Topic revision: r15 - 23 Apr 2008 - TobyCabot
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